Python Numeric Types
Python Numbers
In Python, numbers are used for mathematical operations, and there are three main numeric types:
- int: Integer, a whole number.
- float: Floating-point number, a decimal number.
- complex: Complex numbers with real and imaginary parts.
Python Numeric Types
You create numeric variables by assigning values to them. Here's an example:
python
1x = 1 # int
2y = 2.8 # float
3z = 1j # complex To verify the type of any object in Python, use the type() function:
python
1print(type(x)) # Output: <class 'int'>
2print(type(y)) # Output: <class 'float'>
3print(type(z)) # Output: <class 'complex'>Python Integer
An integer is a whole number, positive or negative, without decimals. Python allows integers of unlimited length.
Example:
python
1x = 1
2y = 35656222554887711
3z = -3255522
4
5print(type(x)) # Output: <class 'int'>
6print(type(y)) # Output: <class 'int'>
7print(type(z)) # Output: <class 'int'>Python Float
A float is a number that has a decimal point or an exponential (scientific notation) representation. Floats can be positive or negative.
Example:
python
1x = 1.10
2y = 1.0
3z = -35.59
4
5print(type(x)) # Output: <class 'float'>
6print(type(y)) # Output: <class 'float'>
7print(type(z)) # Output: <class 'float'>Floats can also represent scientific numbers, using an "e" or "E" to indicate the power of 10:
Example:
python
1x = 35e3
2y = 12E4
3z = -87.7e100
4
5print(type(x)) # Output: <class 'float'>
6print(type(y)) # Output: <class 'float'>
7print(type(z)) # Output: <class 'float'>Complex Numbers
Complex numbers are written with a "j" to represent the imaginary part. A complex number consists of a real part and an imaginary part.
Example:
python
1x = 3 + 5j
2y = 5j
3z = -5j
4
5print(type(x)) # Output: <class 'complex'>
6print(type(y)) # Output: <class 'complex'>
7print(type(z)) # Output: <class 'complex'>Type Conversion
Python provides built-in functions to convert numbers from one type to another:
int(): Convert a number to an integer.float(): Convert a number to a float.complex(): Convert a number to a complex.
Example:
python
1x = 1 # int
2y = 2.8 # float
3z = 1j # complex
4
5# Convert from int to float
6a = float(x)
7
8# Convert from float to int
9b = int(y)
10
11# Convert from int to complex
12c = complex(x)
13
14print(a) # Output: 1.0
15print(b) # Output: 2
16print(c) # Output: (1+0j)
17
18print(type(a)) # Output: <class 'float'>
19print(type(b)) # Output: <class 'int'>
20print(type(c)) # Output: <class 'complex'>